Cardiovascular complications of modern therapy in oncohematology: the role of the cardiologist in multidisciplinary patient management
Summary. Modern oncohematology is characterized by a rapid expansion of therapeutic options through the introduction of targeted therapy, immunotherapy, CAR T-cell therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Alongside improved treatment efficacy, these approaches are associated with a new spectrum of cardiovascular complications that may occur both during anticancer therapy and in the long-term period. The main mechanisms and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular toxicity associated with modern treatment modalities for oncohematological diseases are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the cardiovascular effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors, BTK inhibitors, venetoclax, CAR T-cell therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Current approaches to cardiovascular risk assessment, diagnosis, monitoring, and management of cardiotoxicity are outlined, with emphasis on the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration among hematologists, oncologists, and cardiologists to achieve an optimal balance between the efficacy of anticancer treatment and cardiovascular safety.
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